Elsewhere in 1895

Beginnings
The London School of Economics, The Swarovski Company, The internal combustion bus, The portable handheld electric drill, The National Trust, volleyball, The Northern Rugby Football Union (the modern-day Rugby Football League), The first professional American football game, The Proms. Auguste and Louis Lumière display their first moving picture film in Paris.

Jail
French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil’s Island, Oscar Wilde is arrested in London for “gross indecency” after losing a criminal libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry, and given a two years’ sentence of hard labour.

Wars
The Venezuelan crisis of 1895, The Liberal Revolution in Ecuador, Japanese troops capture Liaoyang and land in Taiwan, the start of the Cuban War of Independence, The Fourth Anglo-Ashanti War begins, The Treaty of Shimonoseki is signed between China and Japan.

Elsewhere
Félix Faure is elected President of French Republic
Booker T. Washington delivers the Atlanta compromise speech
A train runs through the exterior wall of Gare Montparnasse terminus in Paris
The gold reserve of the U.S. Treasury is saved when J. P. Morgan and the Rothschilds loan $65 million worth of gold to the United States government

Births

Gracie Allen, American actress and comedian (d. 1964)
Corrado Alvaro, Italian writer and journalist (d. 1968)
Cristóbal Balenciaga, Spanish-French couturier (d. 1972)
Busby Berkeley, American film director and choreographer (d. 1976)
Vinoba Bhave, Indian religious leader (d. 1982)
Irving Caesar, American lyricist and theater composer (d. 1996)
Lázaro Cárdenas, 44th President of Mexico (d. 1970)
Chembai, Indian Carnatic musician (d. 1974)
Harriet Cohen, English pianist (d. 1967)
Jack Dempsey, American heavyweight boxer (d. 1983)
Paul Éluard, French poet (d. 1952)
Levi Eshkol, Israeli Prime Minister (d. 1969)
Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (d. 1982)
Walter Freeman, American physician (d. 1972)
Buckminster Fuller, American architect (d. 1983)
King George VI of the United Kingdom (d. 1952)
Robert Graves, English writer (d. 1985)
León de Greiff, Colombian poet (d. 1976)
Leroy Grumman, American aeronautical engineer, test pilot and industrialist (d. 1982)
Dino Grandi, Italian Fascist politician (d. 1988)
George Halas, American football player, coach, and co-founder of the National Football League (d. 1983)
J. Edgar Hoover, American Federal Bureau of Investigation director (d. 1972)
Sir Brian Horrocks, British general (d. 1985)
Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (d. 1973)
Shemp Howard, American actor and comedian (The Three Stooges) (d. 1955)
Alberta Hunter, American singer (d. 1984)
Dolores Ibárruri, Spanish republican leader (d. 1989)
Ernst Jünger, German author (d. 1998)
Buster Keaton, American actor and film director (d. 1966)
Wilhelm Kempff, German pianist (d. 1991)
Liaquat Ali Khan, 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1951)
Jiddu Krishnamurti, Indian writer (d. 1986)
Dorothea Lange, American documentary photographer and photojournalist (d. 1965)
Ernesto Lecuona, Cuban pianist and composer (d. 1963)
Hattie McDaniel, actress, first African-American woman to win an Academy Award (in 1939) (d. 1952)
Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
Paul Muni, American actor (d. 1967)
Rolf Nevanlinna, Finnish mathematician (d. 1980)
John Knudsen Northrop, American airplane manufacturer (d. 1981)
Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
Carl Orff, German composer (d. 1982)
Marcel Pagnol, French novelist and playwright (d. 1974)
Juan Perón, 2-Time President of Argentina (d. 1974)
Yvonne Printemps, French singer and actress (d. 1977)
Ruben Rausing, Swedish entrepreneur and founder of Tetra Pak (d. 1983)
Olga Rudge, American violinist (d. 1996)
Babe Ruth, American baseball player (d. 1948)
Semyon Timoshenko, Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1970)
William Tubman, 19th President of Liberia (d. 1971)
Tuanku Abdul Rahman, King of Malaysia (d. 1960)
Rudolph Valentino, Italian actor (d. 1926)
Aleksandr Vasilevsky, Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1977)
Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin, Russian lyric poet (d. 1925)
Nikolai Yezhov, Soviet politician and Great Purge Perpetrator (d. 1940)
Engelbert Zaschka, German helicopter pioneer (d. 1955)
King Zog of Albania (d. 1961)

Deaths

Eivind Astrup, Norwegian Arctic explorer (b. 1871)
Lord Randolph Churchill, British statesman (b. 1849)
Frederick Douglass, American ex-slave and author (b. 1818)
Friedrich Engels, German communist philosopher (b. 1820)
Benjamin Godard, French composer (b. 1849)
Walter Q. Gresham, American politician (b. 1832)
Thomas Henry Huxley, English evolutionary biologist (b. 1825)
Ányos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist, inventor of the dynamo (b. 1800)
Liu Buchan, Chinese admiral (suicide) (b. 1852)
José Martí, Cuban independence leader (b. 1853)
Berthe Morisot, French painter (b. 1841)
Empress Myeongseong (Queen Min), last Korean empress (b. 1851), assassinated
Adam Opel, German founder of the German automobile company Adam Opel AG (b. 1837)
Louis Pasteur, French microbiologist and chemist (b. 1822)
Stefan Stambolov, 9th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (assassinated) (b. 1854)
Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer (b. 1819)
Allen G. Thurman, American politician (b. 1813)
Charles Frederick Worth, English-born couturier (b. 1826)